The anthology introduces latest research findings on the topic of competence orientation and competence diagnostics. The authors analyse curriculum development, as well as teaching and learning support in vocational training and offer an overview of the status quo of vocational competence diagnostics. The implementation of the competence orientation in all training areas opens up new perspectives for the permeability of the separation of general and vocational education. The authors reflect on experiences from the description, recognition and accreditation of competences across all areas of training. All contributions were verified in a double blind peer review process.