From the two sources of human knowledge (empirical knowledge, logical analysis), Bauberger develops two basic questions of scientific theory, according to which the book is structured: First, scientific theory reflects the methods of the empirical sciences and thus provides assistance for their use. It also assesses the validity of the empirical findings and thus sets itself a genuinely philosophical task. The resulting dialogue of specific scientific fields, methods and meta-reflection shows the relevance of scientific work and calls on the language skills of students outside of their philosophical times. Historical developments and the presentation of scientific philosophical positions from the tradition are discussed in thematic chapters.