The political backlash of the economic and migration crises bears considerable risks for the European democracies as well as their liberal societies. This book assembles findings of an international academic conference and student workshop held in Madrid in spring of 2017. The participating scholars identified several fundamental differences regarding the political goals of the current populist movements in Spain and Germany, their sociological basis, and their genealogy; but managed to reveal a series of similarities as well, e.g. the populist discourse, their Weltanschauung, and their tactics in day-to-day politics.